In the bowl of a stand mixer, add 1 cup light brown sugar, ½ cup salted butter, 1 tablespoon vanilla bean paste, 1 teaspoon coffee extract, and ½ teaspoon salt. Beat on medium-high speed for 4 minutes, scraping down the sides and bottom of the bowl halfway through and when finished.
Add 1 large egg and mix for 1 minute, until fully incorporated. Scrape down the sides of the bowl again.
In a separate medium bowl, whisk together 2¼ cups cake flour, ½ cup Dutch process cocoa powder, 2 tablespoons malted milk powder, 2 teaspoons black cocoa powder, 1 teaspoon baking powder, ½ teaspoon baking soda, and ½ teaspoon espresso powder.
Add the dry ingredients to the mixing bowl in three parts, alternating with the 1 cup buttermilk, beginning with the dry and ending with the wet. Mix on medium speed for 1 minute until thoroughly combined. Scrape down the sides of the bowl and then mix for 30 additional seconds.
Scrape down the bowl and fold the batter with a rubber spatula then set aside to rest for 15 minutes.
Preheat the oven to 350°F and line two 13x18-inch baking pans with parchment paper; set aside. When ready to bake, use a #40 scoop to portion out level scoops of the batter onto the prepared baking sheets, spacing them at least three inches apart. I can make 8 cakes per sheet, offsetting the mounds. Use a wet finger to gently swirl down any pointy spots in the mound left from the scoop.
Bake for 9 to 11 minutes; the tops should spring back when touched, and they shouldn't be cracked. For bigger whoopies, use a #16 cookie scoop to make 6 per sheet and bake for 10 to 12 minutes. For bite-sized whoopie pies, use a #100 scoop and bake for 7 minutes. I can bake 15 per sheet in uniform rows. Allow the cakes to cool on the pan for 5 to 10 minutes before gently peeling off the parchment and placing them on a wire rack to cool completely before filling.